Notes

[1] Taibbi, Matt. (The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap. First Edition. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2014), xv-xvi.

The consequences of this economic inequality are many. For instance, as Taibbi continues;

But throughout all this time, violent crime has gone down. It continues to decline today. Counterintuitively, more poverty has not created more crime. The third piece of information that makes no sense is that during this same period of time, the prison population in America has exploded. In 1991 there were about one million Americans behind bars. By 2012 the number was over2.2 million, a more than 100 percent increase. Our prison population, in fact, is now the biggest in the history of human civilization. There are more people in the United States either on parole or in jail today (around 6 million total) than there ever were at any time in Stalin’s gulags. For what it’s worth, there are also more black men in jail right now than there were in slavery at its peak. See if this syllogism works, then. Poverty goes up; Crime goes down; Prison population doubles.

[2] Althusser, Louis. On Ideology. Translated by Ben Brewster. London ; New York: Verso, 2008.

[3] The Texas State Board of Education approved the current textbook standards in 2010. The new textbooks that met those standard were approved in November of 2014.

[4] “Publisher Pulls Controversial Thomas Jefferson Book, Citing Loss Of Confidence.”NPR.org. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/08/09/158510648/publisher-pulls-controversial-thomas-jefferson-book-citing-loss-of-confidence.

[5] Barton, David, and Glenn Beck. The Jefferson Lies: Exposing the Myths You’ve Always Believed About Thomas Jefferson. Book Club. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2012.

[6] Barton and Beck, “Thomas Jefferson Wrote His Own Bible and Edited Out the Things He Didn’t Agree With”, 67.

[7] “Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 4 August 1820.” Accessed January 11, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/98-01-02-1438.

[8] Barton and Beck, “Thomas Jefferson Wrote His Own Bible and Edited Out the Things He Didn’t Agree With”, 67.

[9] Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 13 April 1820.” Accessed January 11, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/98-01-02-1218. The full quote is as follows:

But while this Syllabus is meant to place the character of Jesus in it’s true and high light, as no imposter himself, but a great Reformer of the Hebrew code of religion, it is not to be understood that I am with him in all his doctrines. I am a Materialist; he takes the side of spiritualism: he preaches the efficacy of repentance towards forgiveness of sin, I require a counterpoise of good works to redeem it Etc. Etc. it is the innocence of his character, the purity & sublimity of his moral precepts, the eloquence of his inculcations, the beauty of the apologues in which he conveys them, that I so much admire; sometimes indeed needing indulgence to Eastern hyperbolism. My eulogies too may be founded on a postulate which all may not be ready to grant. Among the sayings & discourses imputed to him by his biographers, I find many passages of fine imagination, correct morality, and of the most lovely benevolence: and others again of so much ignorance, so much absurdity, so much untruth; charlatanism, and imposture, as to pronounce it impossible that such contradictions should have proceeded from the same being. I separate therefore the gold from the dross; restore to him the former, & leave the latter to the stupidity of some, and roguery of others of his disciples. Of this band of dupes and impostors, Paul was the great Coryphaeus, and first corrupter of the doctrines of Jesus. These palpable interpolations and falsifications of his doctrines led me to try to sift them apart. I found the work obvious and easy, and that his part composed the most beautiful morsel of morality which has been given to us by man. The Syllabus is therefore of his doctrines, not all of mine. I read them as I do those of other antient and modern moralists, with a mixture of approbation and dissent.

[10] Michael Allen and Larry Schweikart, A Patriot’s History of the United States,

(New York: Penguin, 2004), 71.

[11] “Founders Online: John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1813.” Accessed October 25, 2014. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-06-02-0476.

[12] John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, September 14, 1818, in The Founding Faith Archive,http://www.beliefnet.com/resourcelib/docs/73/Letter_from_John_Admas_to_Thomas_Jefferson_1p.html.

[13] Staloff, Darren. “Deism and the Founding of the United States.” Divining America, TeacherServe©. National Humanities Center. April 26, 2015. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/deism.htm>

[14] Allen, Ethan. Reason, The Only Oracle of Man Or a Compendius System of Natural Religion, 2011. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37694.

[15] Franklin, Benjamin, William Temple Franklin, and William Duane. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. (Derby & Jackson, 1859) 623.

[16] Franklin, Benjamin, William Temple Franklin, and William Duane. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. (Derby & Jackson, 1859), 23-24.

[17] Nicolson, Harold. The Age of Reason (1700-1789). (Indo-European Publishing, 1962), 167-168.

[18] Philp, Mark. “Thomas Paine.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Winter 2013., 2013.http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2013/entries/paine/.

[19] Gaustad, Edwin S. Faith of Our Fathers: Religion and the New Nation. 1 edition. (San Francisco: Harpercollins, 1987), 37.

[20] Founders Online: Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments, [ca. ….” Accessed January 10, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-08-02-0163.

[21] Founders Online: Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments, [ca. ….” Accessed January 10, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-08-02-0163.

[22] Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary.” Wikisource. Accessed January 11, 2015.http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tripoli.

[23] Rossano, Matt J. “Alexander Hamilton’s Religion: A Temperate Example For Today’s Fractured World.” Huffington Post, 1–3, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/matt-j-rossano/hamiltons-religion_b_803677.html.

[24] Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason, Etc, (1839), 2.

[25] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[26] “Jefferson to Kercheval, Jul. 12, 1816.” Accessed April 4, 2015. http://www.constitution.org/tj/ltr/1816/ltr_18160712_kercheval.html.

[27] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[28] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[29] “Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to John Cartwright, 5 June 1824.” Accessed April 5, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/98-01-02-4313.

[30] “English Translation of Magna Carta.” The British Library. Accessed April 5, 2015.http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-english-translation.

[31] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[32] Adams, John. The Political Writings of John Adams. (Regnery Publishing, 2001), 124-125.

[33] “The Iroquois Tribes.” American History From Pre-Columbian to the New Millennium. Acessed April 26^th, 2015.

http://www.ushistory.org/us/1d.asp

[34] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[35] “English Translation of Magna Carta.” The British Library. Accessed April 5, 2015.http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-english-translation.

[36] “English Translation of Magna Carta.” The British Library. Accessed April 5, 2015. http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-english-translation.

[37] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[38] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[39] Founders Online: Detatched Memoranda, Ca. 31 January 1820.” Accessed January 10, 2015. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/04-01-02-0549. Full quote follows: Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt. in the Constitution of the United States, the danger of encroachment by Ecclesiastical Bodies, may be illustrated by precidents [sic] already furnished in their short history.

[40] Dr. Edward Countryman. “Writing to the Standards: Reviews of Proposed Social Studies Textbooks for Texas Public Schools.” Www.tfn.org, n.d.http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/FINAL_executivesummary.pdf?docID=4625.

[41] Texas Textbooks Approved Amid Controversy.” Huffington Post, 11–21, 2014.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/21/texas-textbooks-approved_n_6200968.html.

[42] Collins, Gail. “How Texas Inflicts Bad Textbooks on Us.” The New York Review of Books, June 21, 2012. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/jun/21/how-texas-inflicts-bad-textbooks-on-us/.

[43] These are what Althusser calls “Ideological State Apparatuses or ISA’s.” Althusser, Louis. On Ideology. Translated by Ben Brewster. London ; New York: Verso, 2008.

[44] “Texas’ New Public School Textbooks Promote Climate Change Denial and Downplay Segregation.” Mother Jones. Accessed February 23, 2015. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/09/texas-textbooks-promote-climate-change-denial-downplay-segregation.

[45] “RRReport2008web.pdf.” Accessed January 13, 2015. http://www.tfn.org/site/DocServer/RRReport2008web.pdf?docID=501.

[46] Collins, Gail. “How Texas Inflicts Bad Textbooks on Us.” The New York Review of Books, June 21, 2012. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/jun/21/how-texas-inflicts-bad-textbooks-on-us/.

[47] Althusser, Louis. On Ideology. Translated by Ben Brewster. London ; New York: Verso, 2008.

[48] Collins, Gail. “How Texas Inflicts Bad Textbooks on Us.” The New York Review of Books, June 21, 2012. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/jun/21/how-texas-inflicts-bad-textbooks-on-us/.

[49] “Culture Wars in the Classroom: Texas Voters Call for a Ceasefire.” Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research. Accessed January 13, 2015. http://www.gqrr.com/articles/2010/07/13/culture-wars-in-the-classroom-texas-voters-call-for-a-ceasefire.

[50] Raphael, Ray. Founding Myths: Stories That Hide Our Patriotic Past. Tenth Anniversary Edition. New Press, The, 2014), 276-77.

[51] Murrell, William, and N. P. Chipman. 1936. “Nast, Gladiator of the Political Pencil.” The American Scholar 5 (4): 472–85.

[52] Keller, Morton. The Art and Politics of Thomas Nast. London: (Oxford University Press, 1975), 159-162.

[53] “‘The American River Ganges’ – 30 September, 1871.” Illustrating Chinese Exclusion. Accessed April 27, 2015. http://thomasnastcartoons.com/irish-catholic-cartoons/the-american-river-ganges-1871/.

[54] “Slashart 17 | Doubleslashart.” Accessed February 23, 2015.http://doubleslashart.blogspot.com/2012/03/slashart-17.html.

[55] Raphael, Ray. (Founding Myths: Stories That Hide Our Patriotic Past. Tenth Anniversary Edition. New Press, The, 2014), 6-7.

 [56] “http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/culture-jamming.” Accessed April 25, 2014.

[57] “The Merry Pranksters And the Art of the Hoax.” The New York Times, December 23, 1990, sec. Arts. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/23/arts/the-merry-pranksters-and-the-art-of-the-hoax.html.

[58] “Bible Sticker ‹ Packardjennings.com.” Accessed January 11, 2015. http://packardjennings.com/?page_id=791.

[59] “SPECIAL EDITION” NEW YORK POST, 2009. https://vimeo.com/6676567.